Minnesota Making Major Strides in the Solar Energy Realm

The state of #Minnesota has been busy in the last several years. Despite its location and the harsh, winter months experienced in the region, you may be surprised to learn that Minnesota actually has annual #solar resources that match parts of Florida and Texas. In fact, according to the 2018 Solar Potential Analysis Report released last November, it is possible that nearly 70% of Minnesota’s electric load will be covered by wind and solar utility by 2050 given the state’s current trajectory.   

If there is one particular advantage the state of Minnesota has when it comes to #solar energy, it is land space. 37% of the state’s land is used for agricultural purposes. This means there is plenty of wide, open space available on farmlands and in other areas where sunlight can meet the land without interference from trees or other structures.  

Agricultural production in Minnesota actually declined by 7 percent between 1997 and 2007, and yet agricultural yields were higher than ever before, thanks to innovations like biotechnology. This means that more crop is being produced with less land space, leaving certain agricultural production sites open for other purposes, such as solar panel placement and clean #energy generation. 

In addition to the availability of land space for future clean energy projects and the promising solar energy statistics we have seen from the state so far, several groups in Minnesota are working to make solar energy an integrated part of everyday life, while helping consumers and utility providers alike. 

Pollinator-Friendly Plants and Solar Energy  

One particular solar project in the state of Minnesota is not only helping solar energy output, but also helping to enrich the bee and butterfly populations in the region. Pollinator-friendly plants can be seen planted under solar energy panels at various solar energy sites across the state. It has long since been hypothesized that thick vegetation planted underneath solar panels creates a cooler microclimate overall, which then helps boost the energy output from the solar panels. For years now, the Center for Pollinators in Energy has been working with entities like Xcel Energy and Fresh Energy in order to plant milkweed and other pollinator-friendly plants at solar energy sites. It is anticipated that over the course of 25 years or so, the pollinator plants will actually improve the health of the soil, on top of providing clean, solar energy for local residents for decades to come. 

#Value of Solar Adoption 

In addition to creative solar projects that prove to be a win-win for the Environnement, Minnesota is also improving certain policies and procedures surrounding their solar energy consumers. Last Month, Minnesota became the first state in the U.S. to adopt a “Value of Solar” methodology for their community solar customers. Value of Solar is an approach that considers the unique factors of solar energy usage in a given area in order to generate a fair market value price that benefits both consumers and solar energy providers. While Austin Energy in Texas is the only utility provider in the country that currently uses Value of Solar, Minnesota is the first state to approve Value of Solar use on a statewide scale. 

According to Allen Gleckner, a policy director for Fresh Energy in Minnesota and one of the primary supporters of the switch to Value of Solar, this transition will give solar energy customers a transparent rate of pay that will be based on a 25-year bill credit schedule. Overall, it is anticipated that the move to Value of Solar will improve access to community solar programs for certain low- and middle-income households, as well as ease any apprehension that new solar energy customers may have when it comes to making the switch. 

The Future of Solar in Minnesota 

Policy leaders and solar energy supporters in Minnesota will need to continue to work together in the coming decades as the state strives to reach both the Solar Energy Standard (SES) goals and Renewable Energy Standard (RES) goals that have been set. Solar energy leaders and other entities will need to continue to make careful and creative decisions in order to make sure Minnesota’s switch to solar and clean energy utility yields the most benefits possible. 

Resources: 

https://energynews.us/2016/07/22/midwest/value-of-solar-gains-another-foothold-in-minnesota/ 

https://www.minnpost.com/community-voices/2019/06/minnesota-has-plenty-of-land-for-solar-development/ 

https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/06/20/pollinatorfriendly-solar-energy-becomes-the-norm-in-minnesota 

California Was Warned: But the Effects of Climate Change Are Happening Faster Than Expected

#Climate change is one hot topic. In the late 1980’s, the state of #California was warned that too many gases preventing heat and #energy from exiting our atmosphere would eventually lead to floods, droughts, heat waves and fires. Now, these forecasts have become apparent – and sooner than expected.  

#Global Warming Predictions Are Happening 

Research manager at the California Energy Commission (the organization which assembled a detailed report), #Susan Fischer Wilhelm, commented on the fact that some of the aforementioned forecasts have already been observed. Now, this assessment is leading people to act because they can see global warming is very real, and very frightening.  

One of the policy analysts who worked on the report, #Les Baxter, pointed out a feeling of regret over not doing what needed to be done faster. Gary Estes is the person who revived this report, if you will, as he found a copy last year in his garage. He is the organizer for the California Extreme Precipitation Symposium which occurs each year. At this year’s meeting at UC Davis, he decided to discuss the report three decades after it was written.   

You might be wondering where this information on climate change came from. It was put together based off of calculations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as well as scientific studies, and studies by state agencies.  

Perceptible Effects of Climate Change  

Wilhelm presented information at the symposium. Part of the report included an explanation of how carbon dioxide doubling in the atmosphere would raise California’s temperatures and that this will occur if emissions keep rising. The state could see an increase of approximately 3 degrees C. This increase might not sound like much – but it would potentially cut mountain snow cover by 50 percent. There would be more floods during the winter, too. According to Wilhelm, both of these things have begun to happen. Of course, changes in precipitation can negatively impact California’s reservoirs. Remember the Oroville Dam disaster in 2017?  

The authors of the report mentioned how water shortages during the summer would negatively impact farmers, ecosystems and hydropower production. Forests would be negatively affected by fires, disease and lower growth. All of these concepts have been happening. Also mentioned in this report are rising sea levels, poor air quality, and an increase in demand for electricity. The unfortunate reality is that everything has been spot on.  

The #CEC was asked by the legislature to assess the impact of global warming trends of the economy, energy agriculture, environment, and water in California, and the report came about shortly after this.  

Global warming is something many are worried about, but unfortunately, not enough is being done. Back in 1989, when scientists were voicing their apprehensions using words such as “greenhouse effect,” many started to become more concerned. This is when a Stanford law professor by the name of #Byron Sher, who authored the state’s clean air and safe drinking water acts, realized the threat to the state. Three decades ago, he said the state can ignore science or respond responsibly. Even George H.W. Bush mentioned during his presidential campaign in the late 1980’s that he was going to work to fight the greenhouse effect.  

Many bills were introduced by Republicans and Democrats to curtail pollution.  

A bill – #AB 4420 – came to light and most voted in its favor. It is worth mentioning the Senate voted 38-0. This was the first law in America that utilized the phrase “global warming”. Unfortunately, it would be more than a decade before another piece of climate legislation would be passed.  

Why aren’t we making more of an effort to combat the effects of climate change immediately? Realistically, there are challenges and worries about moving away from fossil fuels, and there is opposition. Many have expressed doubt over climate change being real. And the report covered this notion. As a matter of fact, six pages of the report detailed challenges to the idea of global warming – people demanded more evidence of its reality.  

Climate Change: The Time to Act Was Yesterday 

Leaders have spent a lot of time, because of these challenges, trying to do things like improve energy efficiency. This is not enough, though. It is much more difficult to argue that climate change isn’t real now. There is real data verifying the speculations made about climate change and global warming three decades ago. The only real issue with the report is the people who wrote it didn’t realize how quickly their predictions regarding global warming would take place. They thought maybe it would be 100 years – but climate change and global warming are a problem right now – and we must address this.  

Sources: 

https://www.latimes.com/science/la-sci-climate-change-predictions-progress-20190626-story.html  

https://phys.org/news/2019-07-california-climate-years-agonow-effects.html 

What You Need to Know About Microbes and Climate Change

#Microbes, or microorganisms, are single-celled life forms that live everywhere. They inhabit our atmosphere, every imaginable type of environment, and can be found wherever life exists. When we think about bacteria or unseen microbes of any kind, we might immediately assume that these microbes are harmful or dangerous. While some are, in fact, harmful to us, a vast majority play a critical role when it comes to regulating Earth’s #climate and combating the negative effects of #climate change. Certain microbes recycle nutrients, break down organic matter, and assist with photosynthesis, all of which are necessary processes to keep Earth healthy.  

Apart from the visible impacts of climate change seen in the rising global temperatures, melting ice sheets, and rising sea levels, scientists are now speaking out about more elusive damages that are taking place in our environment. A consensus statement authored by over 30 professional scientists in the field was released earlier this month detailing how the microbes on Earth are being impacted negatively by climate change, even though we cannot see this harm with our own eyes. 

How Climate Change is Impacting Microbes 

The detailed consensus report covers several categories of microorganisms, as well as how #greenhouse gas balance is determined by certain microbes – especially when it comes to oceanic climates and habitats. Victoria Orphan, a microbial ecologist who helped author the report, spoke with the Los Angeles Times in detail about their scientific findings and concerns. 

Nearly half of the plants responsible for producing the oxygen we breathe on Earth actually live in the ocean. Ocean plants assist with extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converting it into biomass. According to Orphan, our oceans are like “a sink for carbon dioxide.”  

Methane is another greenhouse gas that our oceans help to regulate. It is estimated that groups of microorganisms consume upwards of 80% of the methane contained in ocean sediments before having the chance to reach the atmosphere. In order for the environment to properly cycle methane, two different types of microbes must work in collaboration and operate together as one ecosystem. When sea habitats are disturbed through human practices, such as mining for deep-sea resources, these systems can become less effective at filtering #greenhouse gases over time. 

How Microbes React to Climate Change 

Not all microbes that naturally exist on our planet are beneficial. There are certain microbes in the atmosphere that release harmful emissions, regardless of whether or not climate change is occurring. These naturally existing emissions are made worse by climate change and can even contribute to its acceleration as the planet continues to warm.  

Nitrous oxide is one of the main greenhouse gases that is released into our atmosphere through agricultural fertilizers. Scientists expect that nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gas emissions from soil and plant life will only increase as global temperatures continue to rise.  

Apart from the microbes that exist in soil, there are other microbes in our environment that have an impact on climate change. Methane is a greenhouse gas that is produced by cows, goats, and sheep in order to help them break down and digest their food. Over the course of the last several years, methane levels in the atmosphere have increased substantially. 

A Call to Action 

In the conclusion of the consensus statement, in addition to sentiments made by scientists directly involved with microbe and climate change research, it is clear that this warning about microbes and climate change is really a call to action. Apart from the visible damage we have seen from climate change already, scientists are now saying that the unseen microbes in our atmosphere are being affected negatively as well.  

The scientists behind the report collectively agree that more emphasis on microbes is needed, with specific regard to how microbial function is evolving in the wake of climate change. The statement also calls for “explicit consideration of microorganisms for the development of policy and management decisions,” and even makes mention of the importance of microbiology study in schools and on college campuses. 

In order for humankind to reverse the negative effects of climate change and create a sustainable environment for future generations, we need to start paying attention to how all life forms on Earth are being affected. Even when we cannot see the damage with our own eyes, it does not mean that it does not exist. 

Resources: 

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2019/06/19/scientists-issue-warning-to-humanity-climate-change-depends-on-microbes/#.XRJMd7zYo3E 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-019-0222-5 

https://www.latimes.com/science/la-sci-microbes-climate-change-20190618-story.html 

Solar is Setting Records in 2019

The first three months of 2019 revealed a record time for the #solar industry, regardless of the government’s support of fossil fuels and tariffs. This is in accordance with the Solar Market Insight Report 2019 Q2. More than 2,570 megawatts of solar were installed in the United States, which is up from one year ago by 10 percent.  

There is something to be said about utility-scale and residential solar projects. But many might be surprised to know that #Florida was the top solar installer, even coming out above the state of California.  

Residential Solar Installation is Up 

In the first quarter, installation numbers in the residential sector came in to the tune of 603 megawatts, which is up from one year ago by 6 percent. This is good for solar installers such as Vivint Solar and #Sunrun. Of course, companies like these must have solar installations in order to stay on top. The question is – are higher volumes in terms of solar installations assisting with marketing costs? What about lower sales? These areas have been a struggle for the industry.  

There are no indications that solar is going to slow down, as utility solar saw more than 1,630 MW of installations in the aforementioned quarter. A great deal of growth, as previously mentioned, is being driven by the state of Florida. The outlook for FL’s utility-scale additions was increased by #Wood Mackenzie, up to 9,000 MW (this is up from 6,000 MW). Across the country, the forecast for utility-scale solar was raised by 4,000 from now through 2023 (and 1,200 MW in 2019).  

A weak segment was commercial solar. In this area, there was an increase in installations by 18 percent from one year ago. States such as Massachusetts, California and Minnesota made policy adjustments which impacted the industry. The data is a bit shaky, however, as the report with this information tied commercial and community solar together.  

860 MW were installed in Florida in one quarter in comparison to 758 MW back in 2017. Even in 2018, less than 860 MW were installed (857, to be precise). California has otherwise taken the lead in the United States regarding solar installations, as it installed just under 2,600 MW in 2017. But in 2019, things slowed down to 538 MW in one quarter.  

Solar Growth in Florida 

Who or what is driving growth in Florida? One of the key companies is Florida Power & Light. This utility might eventually be one of the largest solar utilities in America, after announcing a plan to install 10,000 MW over the next decade. Unfortunately, in some areas, Florida is still behind. This notion applies to commercial and residential solar installations. Until last year, solar leases were not allowed – additionally, there are barriers when it comes to net metering.  

#Solar Stocks: Time to Soar? 

More volume in America is great news for solar stocks. It is expected that this year and beyond, stocks such as #SunPower and #First Solar are expected to see an increase in demand. Basically, higher volumes for these stocks is good news. If companies can demonstrate that increased volume is assisting in terms of margins, then this is even better.  

It is interesting to see the changes being made across the globe when it comes to clean #energy. And many of these changes are taking place in our own backyards. Wood Mackenzie boosting the forecast for the solar market in the United States thanks to changes and announcements in Florida (and other states, such as Texas) is great news. The expectation, as per Wood Mackenzie Power & Renewables, is that more than 13 gigawatts of additions in terms of solar capacity will take place this year alone. This is certainly news worth talking about. Prices are falling and developers are jumping on the opportunity to take advantage of the tax credit’s phase down.  

Stay in the know – stay on top of solar news so you can see the great changes taking place as the need for a shift to using clean energy is realized.   

Sources: 

https://www.fool.com/investing/2019/06/21/record-start-to-2019-bodes-well-for-solar-stocks.aspx 

https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/woodmac-solar-numbers#gs.lha5pt 

 

Six Flags Great Adventure Now Has Solar-Powered Rides

#Six Flags Great Adventure #theme park in Jackson, New Jersey is no longer just a hotspot for summer fun for the whole family – it is now one of the world’s first #solar-powered theme parks. Earlier this month, an enormous #solar farm containing 60,000 solar panels spanning across 40 acres of previously unused land and parking spaces was unveiled. This $70 million–dollar investment is anticipated to provide nearly 98% of the power required to keep the theme park up and running. 

After 16 long months, over 99,000 hours of labor for the #solar panel installations alone, and nearly ten years of planning and brainstorming, this mammoth solar project is finally complete. The #Six Flags solar project has a 23.5-megawatt capacity that will power all 53 rides in the amusement park, as well as the Six Flags Hurricane Harbor water park. 

In addition to the typical growing pains one might expect with a solar project of this size, some groups were against the idea of constructing this particular solar farm in the first place. 

Environmental Concerns 

When Six Flags initially set out to construct a solar farm that would generate enough power to operate their entire theme park, it was estimated that nearly 100 acres of unused land would be needed. This immediately led to outcries from environmental groups and activists due to the alteration of the landscape, as well as the impact of cutting down 100 acres of trees.  

By the time construction began on the solar farm in early 2018, a compromise had been reached. Instead of the initial 100 acres, Six Flags agreed to only cut down 40 acres of trees to accommodate the solar panels. The rest of the solar panels needed for the project were spread out across various employee and overflow parking lots. 

Financial Savings and Reduced Emissions 

In order to make this solar project come to life, Six Flags teamed up with a solar development and construction company known as KDC Solar. According to KDC Solar President, Alan Epstein, the solar farm could save Six Flags a considerable amount of money per year. In total, the theme park uses 30 million kilowatts of #energy per year. Epstein stated that even if Six Flags were to only save a mere penny per hour on their energy costs, the total savings will still be substantial. 

Financial costs are not the only thing that these solar panels will help reduce. The solar panels are expected to offset around 24,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. This is equivalent to the same emissions given off by 53 million miles driven by vehicles. 

Other Theme Parks Going Solar 

Six Flags is not the first theme park to commit to #solar energy production and usage. In fact, Disney Epcot Theme Park in Bay Lake, Florida received a Mickey Mouse-shaped solar panel array in 2016. The Disney World Resort then installed a gargantuan solar farm with a 50-megawatt capacity and more than 500,000 solar panels in total. Size is not the only thing that sets that Mickey Mouse-shaped solar panels apart from the Disney World Resort solar site. While Mickey Mouse solar panels remain stationary, the Disney World Resort solar panels have the ability to rotate with the sun, ultimately optimizing their solar energy gain and output. Under the best weather conditions, this rotating solar farm can generate up to 25% of the power needed to run the theme park. 

New Jersey’s Carbon-Neutral Goals 

If there is anyone in particular that has reason to be excited about the new Six Flags solar project addition, it is state Governor Phil Murphy. Murphy has campaigned for New Jersey to meet 100% of its power needs from renewable resources by 2050. This goal was made official in May of last year after Murphy signed Executive Order 28. Just this month, a more official blueprint for how this plan will be achieved was released by the Board of Public Utilities.  

The switch to solar energy for Six Flags is good news for both New Jersey and other surrounding states. If every theme park in the United States were able to run solely or at least partially on solar energy, our time spent on rollercoasters may actually help save the environment.  

Resources: 

https://www.inquirer.com/science/great-adventure-solar-rides-new-jersey-20190612.html 

https://www.nj.com/news/2019/06/six-flags-is-now-one-of-worlds-1st-solar-powered-theme-parks-more-clean-energy-is-on-the-way.html 

https://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/os-bz-disney-solar-farm-20190418-story.html 

Climate Change Action: Is New York in the Lead?

#Climate change is one hot topic. And time is running out with relation to the legislative hearing taking place in #Albany. Are the Assembly and Gov. Andrew #Cuomo going to make a decision on the climate bill associated with lessening greenhouse gas emissions in #New York? It’s a question worth examining as the state seems to be on top when it comes to serious efforts to address #global warming risks. 

Two bills, the Climate and Community Protection Act and the Climate Leadership Act, are at play right now. Three years ago, the first one passed the Assembly but not the Senate. The latter was introduced this year. Last week, protestors demanded that Gov. Cuomo sign the Climate and Community Protection Act at the State Capitol. It was suggested that he is not focused on climate change, however, he has made efforts to phase out #solar and wind power and to reduce power plant emissions. Back in January, Gov. Cuomo proposed targets regarding where New York obtains its electricity from, and demonstrated some similarities with the CCPA. This has been described as his personal version of a Green New Deal.  

There are always two sides, but a plus is that there is agreement on something – legislation, in some form, is needed to codify current regulations and to inspire new procedures. Both the Climate and Community Protection Act and the Climate Leadership Act focus on a decrease in New York’s fossil fuel usage.  

What Exactly Happened Last Week? Protests in NY 

Hundreds of protestors – more than 400, to be more precise – as well as elected state representatives went to the New York State Capitol building to request that Gov. Cuomo sign the aforementioned bill. It’s a possibility for the first time that the CCPA could become the law. Why are people fighting for this bill? Because it strives to see 100 percent renewable #energy by the year 2050, and it aims for the investment of 40 percent of funds for clean energy in communities that are disadvantaged. Moreover, higher wages would be offered for jobs which are environmentally-friendly.  

Governor’s Proposed Bill 

The governor’s proposed bill would ensure renewable energy sources are ramped up a bit faster, whereas the Assembly bill wants to eliminate statewide greenhouse gas emissions by 2040 – 2050. According to Gov. Cuomo, this might be a bit too restricting and inflexible.   

The chance for national climate legislation to be passed in the near future seems slim. But this does not mean major changes are not taking place. The United States Climate Alliance, for instance, consists of 23 states including Puerto Rico. New York is part of this alliance. And five states, in the last year alone, have endorsed directives mandating a transition to carbon-neutral electricity.  

California has a target for its clean electricity standard by 2045. And in New York, Gov. Cuomo’s bill would mandate that electricity comes from carbon-free sources within the next two decades or so.  

In order to get away from the concerns regarding global warning, we need to take advantage of clean energy. Even the International Energy Agency has discussed how carbon-free nuclear energy is key to making a positive difference. Other climate change authorities agree.  

Maybe there will come a time when federal officials determine how to revitalize the nuclear power industry. A clean energy standard must be devised. If the United States wants to be a leader regarding climate change, national action needs to take place. Now, if agreements are made by leaders in New York, we can expect to see some major changes and moves in the right direction.  

The protests in New York demonstrate that people are willing to fight for what they believe in. It is obvious we need to be mindful of the health of our planet and the health of those living here. Paying attention to the energy sources we use is very important, and recognizing climate change and its negative effects is a big step in helping to make a positive change for our planet.  

Keep reading and following climate change and social justice news to stay in the know! There are big things happening in New York!  

Sources: 

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/14/opinion/climate-change-states-trump.html  

https://grist.org/article/community-climate-proection-act-new-york-cuomo-protest/ 

 

Australian Climate Change ‘Doomsday’ Report: What You Need to Know

The National Centre for Climate Restoration is an independent entity that works to highlight new ways of looking at and solving #climate change related problems. This past May, the Australian think tank company, also referred to as Breakthrough, released a policy paper that highlights some shocking claims as to what our world may look like in the face of climate change by 2050. The report, titled “Existential Climate-Related Security Risk: A Scenario Approach,” has sparked numerous questions and concerns about whether or not we are doing enough to negate and prevent the negative effects of climate change.  

The Authors Behind the Report 

The first author of the policy paper is David Spratt. Spratt is the head researcher for The National Centre for Climate Restoration and co-author of the book “Climate Code Red: The Case for Emergency Action,” which analyzes the gap between science and politics, as well as climate-change policy–making procedures. His co-author is Ian Dunlop. Dunlop worked previously in the oil, gas, and coal industries, serving as chairman and chief executive for various companies across Australia. Both authors are endorsed by Retired Admiral Chris Barrie, who currently serves as a member of the Global Military Advisory Council on Climate Change.  

For the Forward of the report, Barrie expresses his concerns related to climate change. He stated that the policy paper written by Spratt and Dunlop describes the “unvarnished truth about the desperate situation humans, and our planet, are in, painting a disturbing picture of the real possibility that human life on earth may be on the way to extinction, in the most horrible way.”  

Inside the Report: What are the Claims? 

The report claims that climate change is now considered an existential threat to human civilization. Thus, in order for us to avoid or reduce the impact, we must work towards building a zero-emissions, clean #energy industrial system as soon as possible. In the overview of the report, it is mentioned that a global, “war-time level of response” will be necessary in order to combine global resources, effectively combat the negative effects of climate change, and avoid the dismal timeline described in the report. 

The timeline begins with the prediction that policy-makers between 2020 and 2030 will fail to act on the evidence laid out by the scientific communities, as well as the Paris Agreement. As a result, the carbon-dioxide levels will climb to 437 parts per million — the highest levels experienced on our planet in 20 million years. The total warming by this point as a result of climate change will reach 1.6° Celsius. Between 2030 and 2050, this warming could reach as high as 3° Celsius and, with a five-percent probability, as much as 3.5-4° Celsius.  

By 2050, the report predicts that 35% of Earth’s global land area and 55% of the population will be subject to extreme, lethal heat conditions. By this point, both aridification, when a desert becomes increasingly dry, and desertification, when fertile land starts to dry out, will likely be severe. 

The Future of Our Planet 

The policy paper makes note of the fact that this proposed timeline is a just glimpse into, “a world of outright chaos,” and what may become of society if the hothouse earth scenario should ever come to pass. The report suggests that adopting and working from scenario approaches such as these may be the best way to prevent our global heat crisis from escalating.   

So, while the proposed scenario may sound extreme, it may just be the jumping off point that researchers, policymakers, and scientists need in order to finally meet in the middle when it comes to #climate change policy. We cannot ignore the fact that climate change is making an impact on the planet, yet it is nearly impossible to tell just how negative of an impact climate change will actually have in the coming decades.   

To avoid the extreme and deadly consequences of climate change, we must continue moving forward with the implementation of clean and #solar energy alternatives. Reducing our greenhouse gas emissions and investing in other forms of sustainable energy will also need to be a priority for both lawmakers and citizens. We could risk stalling and simply hope the problem does not get worse, but according to Spratt and Dunlop, there may already be little room left for doubt and delay. 

Read the #climate change report for yourself here: https://www.breakthroughonline.org.au/papers