Israel’s New Solar Power Station Uses Mirrors to Increase Efficiency

In contrast to the stark, dry backdrop of the Negev Desert in #Israel, a bright pillar of light stands tall. This pillar is comprised of 500,000 concave mirrors that capture heat from the desert sun and help power the new Asalim #Solar Thermal Power Station near Highway 6 in Israel. The 121-megawatt #solar power station sits on 4,000 acres of land. It is the largest solar #energy project in Israel to date and among the largest solar energy projects in the world. Just four months since the launch of the mirror-fueled solar operation, this solar power station is already providing renewable energy for nearly 70,000 Israeli homes.  

The solar station is a collaborative endeavor made possible by Shikun & Binui Group, Noy Fund, TSK, and Negev Energy, a subsidiary of Shikun & Binui. The entire project cost around $4 billion in New Israeli Shekel, equating to around $1.13 billion in U.S. currency. 

Mirrors and Solar Energy: How it Works 

The Ashalim Solar Thermal Power Station was first envisioned back in September 2013 by CEO of Negev Energy, Didi Paz. Constructed with 16,000 parabolic troughs and half a million mirrors, this solar power station is unlike anything the solar energy realm has seen before. This giant collection of concave mirrors can convert solar energy into steam, which is then used to generate clean electricity. 

In addition to its efficiency, this particular solar structure is highly innovative. While most solar stations are unable to capture solar energy during the night time hours, the solar mirrored tower can provide power to the solar plant for an extra 4.5 hours after the sun has set. This particular feature is a major step forward for solar energy and speaks to where we are headed in terms of capturing solar energy, regardless of the time of day. 

Meeting Israel’s Renewable Energy Goals 

This mammoth solar project is anticipated to provide Israel with at least 1 percent of its renewable energy needs. It is the hope among the nation’s leaders that this project is just the beginning of renewable and solar innovation in the country. Yuval #Steinitz, Israel’s Minister of Energy, told the Jewish National Syndicate (JNS) that Israel has already begun to make shifts in the right direction when it comes to solar and renewable energies. Coal and diesel usage in the country is already down from 65 percent to under 30 percent. Steinitz has also stated that there are several planned closures for the nation’s coal-burning facilities. Israel’s goal is to provide at least 10 percent of the nation’s energy needs with solar and clean energy resources by the end of 2020. By 2030, Steinitz hopes that the country can end its dependence on polluting fuels and continue focusing on constructing solar farms and plants in the coming decades. 

Taking Solar Energy into Their Own Hands 

To meet said goals laid out by Steinitz, Mayor of the Ramat HaNegev Regional Council, Eran Doron, told JNS that community efforts will be the most important factor when it comes to making Israel a sustainable and greener place to live. Further privatization of the solar industry in Israel is also on the minds of its leaders for both the growth of the industry itself and the continued drop in solar energy start-up costs.  

Majority owner of Shikun & Binui, Naty Saidoff, told JNS that this solar project is not only adequate for meeting the environmental and sustainability goals set out by the country, but it will also provide job creation for those in the surrounding Negev region. 

In the wake of our worldwide environmental crisis, Israel is emerging as one of the top leaders in solar energy innovation and production. Around the world, it is imperative that all nations work to provide clean energy for their citizens and set goals that will ensure a sustainable world for future generations. Focusing on solar energy production and the implementation of other renewable resources will allow us to begin to heal our Earth and move forward on a path that will ensure the survival of the human race. 

Resources: 

https://www.jns.org/the-power-of-a-dream-israels-new-solar-plant-lights-the-way-to-a-bright-future/ 

Climate Change: How Is It Impacting Your Wine?

A picture speaks a thousand words. If one were to see Spottswoode Winery, they might be amazed by the stunning gardens and vines – but something else we must pay attention to is #climate change. How is climate change impacting this otherwise stunning winery? Rain patterns without regularity, high temperatures, and the threat of fires – these are all factors resulting from climate change. 

Those maintaining Spottswoode Winery have had to discover different methods of maximizing water usage, experimenting with different grape varieties, and searching for land that isn’t too hot. This is all because of climate change. Surely you have heard of the concerns regarding climate change, but perhaps you never thought of how climate change could change the way you drink.   

Climate Change is Changing Things Up 

From 2012 to 2014, this aforementioned winery had approximately six days during which temperatures soared beyond 98.6 degrees from April to October. But in 2017, that number of days skyrocketed to 21. This can be detrimental to #wine-making, because it impacts the maturation process, amongst other things. Apparently, there is only one opportunity each year to get things right when it comes to making wine in certain places. The pressure of climate change is changing things up in the sense that the vineyards have to be shaded and crops have to be protected from flooding and other environmental factors. It’s not just California facing threats because of climate change. Winemakers elsewhere have to discover new methods and norms to adapt to climate change. Climate change is truly changing things up.  

Even in South Africa, a drought which occurred in 2018 caused a decline in the grape harvest (by 15 percent) and this led wineries to have to discover new methods of leveraging technology in an effort to manage irrigation, according to VinPro’s Wanda Augustyn.  

Things are changing in #Spain, too. #Familia Torres, a famous winemaker, is now purchasing land in the Pyrenees Mountains which was previously too cold to grow grapes. But due to climate change, the area is now attractive to those who want to make wine.  

The biggest retail wine market is in the #United States. It’s the fourth biggest wine producing nation behind France, Spain, and Italy (in no particular order), but climate change might change these numbers.  

Climate Change: How it Impacts Grapes 

Not only do wineries have to worry about temperature changes, but they have to bear in mind that climate change leads to wildfires, too. These can obviously cause extreme damage to wineries – and have in California in recent history. Wine grapes can be impacted by smoke, even if the fire never reaches them.  

As climate change persists, new wine varietals are going to come. Using new varietals is going to be key in learning to cope with temperature changes. The same notion applies to buying land that is located higher up.  

Climate Change is Impacting the Industry

At the University of California, Davis (a renowned center for wine science), viticulture expert #S. Kaan Kurtural discussed how climate change has impacted the industry in recent years. He is currently experimenting with options in Napa’s Beckstoffer Vineyards to see if he can discover crops that are more resistant to heat and drought. He mentioned the realization that over the next decades, we will have more greenhouse gases and hotter temperatures, so climate change has been causing and will continue to cause shifts. 

Many realize that they need to act now, like #Dan Petroski, winemaker at Larkmead Vineyards in Napa Valley. He discussed how things are happening faster than anticipated. Larkmead is popular for its Cabernet wines which can sell for more than $300 per bottle. He wants to maintain his label’s popular flavor while being able to remove acidity induced by the heat. He mentioned how the time to start thinking of these things is today. He is spot on.  

Climate Change: Time to Take Action

Clearly, climate change is changing things up across the globe. It has started to have an impact on wineries and how they are creating and maintaining the delicious flavors of the wines we enjoy. Pay attention to what is going on and realize climate change is impacting day to day life – we need to take action now to reduce the impact of climate change!  

Sources: 

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/09/08/climate-change-threatens-worlds-wineries-which-grapes-saved/2136457001/ 

https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisoncoleman/2019/09/08/grape-expectations-for-britains-wine-entrepreneurs/#82e1e2c6b4ae 

 

Climate Change is Slowly Destroying the Great Barrier Reef

As we are all continuing to digest the headlines that broke last month regarding the massive Amazon Rainforest fires in Brazil, another distressing headline has emerged from another part of the world. According to the Australian government, the long-term health of #the Great Barrier Reef in Australia has been downgraded from ‘poor’ to ‘very poor.’ The last time Australia released a report on the health of the #Great Barrier Reef was back in 2014 when it received its former ‘poor’ status. Now, after just 5 short years, the Great Barrier Reef has continued to suffer and deteriorate rapidly, earning it a status that should concern citizens worldwide. Researchers are pointing to #climate change as the reason why the Reef is not improving and declining more quickly than ever. 

Inside the 2019 Great Barrier Reef Report 

According to the 2019 Outlook Report released by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, an Australia government agency, the “window of opportunity to improve the Reef’s long-term future is now.” As climate change has escalated, damage to the Reef has ensued. To mitigate these effects, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority is calling for immediate action worldwide to combat climate change to help restore the Great Barrier Reef. 

The damage that the Reef has experienced from climate change is most readily seen in the coral color bleaching that has occurred over the last several years. To understand the damages from climate change on the Reef’s coral, it is important to know that algae and coral have a symbiotic relationship – they depend on one another to survive. When coral is healthy, the algae flock to them and provide nourishment to the coral. Under times of extreme heat and light exposure, coral becomes stressed and the partnership begins to breakdown. Eventually, the coral will be expelled of all algae and turn white. As a result of climate change and #global warming, there has been a fivefold increase in severe bleaching events over the past four decades. As of 2018, coral growth has been reduced by 90 percent. 

Back in 2014 when the last report was released, the greatest threats to the Reef included climate change, coastal developments, land runoff, and certain types of fishing. Now, climate change has effectively outweighed all other threats and is now the primary concern among researchers. The Great Barrier Reef just so happens to be the world’s largest living structure – and perhaps, a sobering representation of the damage climate change has done to our planet thus far. 

What is in Store for the Great Barrier Reef? 

Although the report on the Great Barrier Reef is quite grim, some positive changes have come about in recent years. Due to conservation efforts in the region, populations of both southern green sea turtles and humpback whales are slowly growing. Certain areas of the Reef are also showing signs of water quality improvement. 

Despite some promising improvements, however, the report states that by 2030, we may see a much drabber Reef with less fish, major losses to seagrass meadows, and continued threats from heatwaves. The report urges action on the part of those in the region, but also across the world. Combating climate change is a worldwide responsibility. If we are to see any improvement to the Great Barrier Reef, action must be taken immediately. 

The Time to Fight Climate Change is Now 

It seems that with each passing week, headlines describe a new catastrophe or disaster plaguing our planet. From glacier melting, to rainforests on fire, and now, the threat to the Great Barrier Reef, it is safe to say we are in dire need of a revolution. If humanity as a whole is going to stubbornly insist on continuing down this path of willful negligence and ignorance regarding the health of our planet, we can expect to see more of these discouraging reports coming forth in the mainstream media.  

Climate change deniers and those who choose to turn a blind eye to the severity of the problem are simply not paying attention. The time to act is now. That is, if we are not already too late to make a radical, positive shift in the right direction. Ultimately, whether or not our planet will be inhabitable 50 to 100 years from now will be humanity’s choice. So far, we are choosing to destroy our home swiftly and without apology. 

Read the official 2019 Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report here: http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/outlook-report-2019 

Resources: 

https://insideclimatenews.org/news/30082019/coral-bleaching-great-barrier-reef-climate-change-australia-ocean-2019-report 

https://www.npr.org/2019/08/30/755846052/australia-says-great-barrier-reef-has-very-poor-outlook-climate-change-to-blame 

Colorado’s Biggest Single Rooftop Solar Array Installed by Amazon

The biggest single rooftop #solar array has been installed in #Thornton, #Colorado thanks to #Amazon. The solar power array is located at a sizeable robotics fulfillment center – it sits at 855,000 square feet.  

Community leaders joined Governor #Jared Polis last week for the grand opening of the solar facility – there was excitement overseeing the more than 17,200 solar panels across 19 acres on a four-story building’s rooftop. This solar system has the ability to generate more than 6 megawatts of power. Electricity production is anticipated to begin in November.  

Amazon’s Solar Goals 

Amazon announced back in 2017 that it had a plan to install numerous rooftop solar systems over the course of the next three years, by 2020 – the plan was to install solar systems at 50 fulfillment centers in this time frame. Interestingly enough, this goal has already been achieved, as it was reached back in July, a year and a half early. The 50th project has now been finished, totaling capacity to the tune of 98 megawatts. The majority of the systems are in the United States (32); the European Union has 12 of them; and India is where 7 of the solar projects are located.  

Amazon general manager, #Joe Dudek, discussed the excitement from those at Amazon over being a part of the community of Thornton. The company takes pride in its fulfillment center. Dudek mentioned how the building has advanced management systems, remote #energy and power monitoring, and LED lighting.  

There are many employees helping to keep things up and running at Colorado’s biggest single rooftop solar array in Thornton. There are more than #1,500, to be more precise, working with Amazon robotics to assist with packing and shipping items. Some of these items include kitchenware and toys. Note: more than 3,500 people are employed by Amazon in the state of Colorado. 

As per Amazon, the massive solar panel installation covers the size of roughly 10 football fields or 19 acres. The expectation is that enough electricity will be produced each year to power more than 880 homes. The numbers are quite impressive.  

#Greg Michaelson, Amazon Renewable Energy Director, mentioned how they were able to get in to fill the whole roof with as much solar as possible. Even more remarkable is that Amazon is trying to add clean, renewable energy to all buildings.  

Since 2017, Amazon claims to have invested more than $1.5 billion in Colorado through its customer fulfillment substructure and compensation to its employees.  

Solar Accomplishments  

Many don’t know this, but Amazon was ranked 1 in America last year by the Solar Energy Industries Association (#SEIA) for corporate on-site solar installation. What does this mean? Basically, the company’s solar installations in the United States alone work to offset equal to the amount of CO2 released by 200 million miles of deliveries by truck. Clearly, this is a company with a commitment to clean energy and moving up in the world of solar. More information on Amazon’s pledge to sustainability and how the company is focused on reusing, recycling, and cleaning up our planet can be found by clicking here.  

It is always good to discover major corporations making moves when it comes to cleaning up our planet. Amazon has certainly demonstrated a commitment to going solar. The biggest single rooftop solar array having been installed in Thornton, Colorado is one huge, positive move in the right direction. Just imagine if all of America’s biggest companies were to use their innovative ideas and talented team members to make such a positive difference. But let’s not only focus on huge companies – there are many things that individuals can do to make a difference, too. Think about solar moves you can make – and if you don’t have the option to install solar panels at your business or home, consider the impact you could have by simply making more of an effort to reuse and recycle products. Continue to follow solar news to stay on top of what is happening across the globe!  

Sources: 

https://www.denverpost.com/2019/09/01/colorado-amazon-thornton-solar-roof/ 

https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/08/30/amazon-thornton-colorado-leaders-tour/ 

https://www.aboutamazon.com/sustainability 

Tesla Being Sued by Walmart for Combusting Solar Panels

The last several years have been rough for #Tesla, Inc. Between the disappointing 2017 launch of the Tesla #solar-powered Model 3 vehicle and the financial losses the company suffered after purchasing SolarCity back in 2016, Elon Musk and his fellow Tesla employees have had to work extra hard this year to make up for Tesla’s repeated disappointments. In an effort to revive the company, Tesla began offering solar panel rentals earlier this summer and vowed to make 2019 the year they focus on rooftop solar panel production. However, solar panel rental options and increased mass production should probably be on the bottom of Tesla’s to-do list — especially in light of their most recent controversy. 

#Walmart Fires Erupt Nationwide as a Result of Faulty #Solar Panels 

According to New York Supreme Court records, on May 7th of 2018, a fire broke out at a Walmart department store in Beavercreek, Ohio. Just two weeks later on May 21st in Denton, Maryland, a second fire raised havoc on another Walmart store, causing significant damage to the store’s roof. Just eight days after this second incident on May 29th, a third fire erupted at yet another Walmart store in Indio, California. All of these Walmart locations suffered significant financial losses as a result of these fires. Miraculously, no one was injured, save for a firefighter in Indio that was treated for smoke inhalation.  

How is it possible that numerous fires broke out at different Walmart department stores all within the time frame? The answer lies in Tesla’s solar panels. All of the Walmart stores that burst into flames had Tesla solar panels installed on their roofs. It was determined that the fires originated from the solar panels themselves, resulting in a multi-million-dollar lawsuit brought on by Walmart against Tesla.  

Following the initial three fires that occurred in May of 2018, Tesla did attempt to de-energize the solar panels at other Walmart locations to help prevent fires from happening again. Unfortunately, these efforts were to no avail. Four more fires broke out, resulting in 7 total Walmart fires that could be directly connected to Tesla’s rooftop solar panels. 

According to the official court record, Walmart is making the argument that the solar panel combustions are, “a breach of contract action arising from years of gross negligence and failure to live up to industry standards by Tesla with respect to solar panels that Tesla designed.” 

Amazon Also Calling Out Tesla

Unfortunately, Walmart was not the only entity to experience solar panel combustions. in June 2018, Amazon’s Redlands, California location had a rooftop solar system put in place that Tesla designed and installed. Shortly after the new solar panels were affixed, Amazon’s Redlands location experienced a fire. It was determined that this fire also originated from the Tesla solar panels, just like those seen at the seven Walmart locations. Amazon released a statement saying that they have taken steps to protect their facilities and will no longer be working with Tesla to install rooftop solar panels. 

Tesla: The Jack of All Trades, King of None 

Tesla has had their hand in solar #energy production, vehicle manufacturing, and most recently, experimental rocket ships for space travel. Earlier this month, the highly anticipated launch of the Tesla SpaceX Starhopper was set to depart. However, less than one second before takeoff, the mission was aborted due to faulty wiring issues. The Starhopper was successful on its second attempt on August 28. 

Is it really necessary for Tesla to have its hand in solar panel production, solar-powered vehicles, and space travel? By spreading themselves so thin in an effort to be number one, Tesla is now suffering the consequences of taking on too much all at once. 

It would behoove Tesla to pick one or two main focuses, rather than continue to scramble in multiple arenas. Solar energy must be taken seriously. Solar energy production is not a simple, side project endeavor. If Tesla is going to take on solar energy production, they will need to reevaluate if their company has the means and manpower necessary to provide safe solar panels en masse.  

 The full court report of Walmart Inc. V. Tesla Energy Operations, Inc. is available online to view here: https://www.scribd.com/document/422555099/654765-2019-Walmart-Inc-v-Tesla-Energy-Operations-Inc-Summons-Complaint-1 

Resources: 

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-23/amazon-joins-walmart-in-saying-tesla-solar-panels-caught-fire?srnd=markets-vp 

https://interestingengineering.com/tesla-solar-panels-have-caught-fire-at-an-amazon-warehouse-and-at-walmart-stores 

Climate Change and its Impact on the Italian Alps

There is no room to deny #climate change at this point in time. While thoughts of water becoming too warm, temperatures increasing, and glaciers melting are discussed on a regular basis, many tend to disregard how certain areas and ways of life are impacted. The fact of the matter is that climate change is having an impact on people’s lives. In the #Italian Alps, climate change is certainly affecting day to day life. Here’s how… 

#James Whitlow Delano is a photographer with a focus on environmental concerns. He grew up living in California beside a nuclear research lab. He has worked all across the globe and currently resides in Japan. One of the subjects he works on is climate change. Delano takes his work very seriously – in point of fact, he is the founder of the Everyday Climate Change Instagram feed. This feed showcases the efforts of photojournalists who document climate change across the globe.  

Where do the Italian Alps come in? Delano, in some of his more recent work, visited valleys of the Italian Alps as well as the Valle d’Aosta mountains to get a look firsthand at climate change and its impact in the area. What he found in relation to climate change was quite alarming – for the past 30 years, one particular area has been watching its glaciers essentially melt away at a shocking rate. While Delano’s photos are beautiful and showcase the exquisiteness of the Valle d’Aosta, the fact is that climate change is having a huge impact there.  

How Climate Change Impacts Valle D’Aosta 

Climate change in this area equates to a snow season which is shorter. To give an idea, between 1960 and 2017, the Alpine snow season decreased by an average of 38 days – it closed 26 days earlier and started just under two weeks later – or 12 days, to be more precise. From 2015 to 2016, the warmest winter season on record occurred – only 20 percent of the standard snowfall was received in the French Alps. And this year, practically no snow fell in February.  

As things continue to warm up, precipitation will show up in the form of rain. Winter snowpack and glacial ice store water and release it slowly, allowing rivers to be fed that have been relied on in warmer months by European nations practically since the beginning of time. As glaciers recede, less water is stored up to feed rivers, specifically when droughts occur in the summer. The impact of climate change is very real – rainwater drains faster, and it is not stored in the glaciers of the Alps. It impacts livestock pastoralists and farmers, too, because climate change leaves them with less of a chance to fatten up cows for milk and cheese production due to a decreased amount of grass to feed on in high meadows.  

Climate Change Influences Day to Day Life 

Globally, people need to be concerned with what is happening with climate change in Valle d’Aosta. Climate change impacts day to day life in the sense that the ski season is shorter (thanks to global warming) as previously mentioned, and this is a big deal. There is more of a dependence on man-made snow which can be very expensive in keeping up with the regional industry. Climate change causing a shorter snow season also has an effect on hotels, restaurants, bars, ski schools and so on. Plus, who wants to play in fake snow?  

It is not just the snow season that feels the effects of climate change. In hotter, drier summer months, there is less green pasture and with the millions dependent on the Rhone, Rhine and Po rivers, there is a great deal of fear regarding fewer glaciers. 

Clearly, climate change is changing the way people live, and the Italian Alps offers merely one example of how this is happening. It is important that we pay attention because small changes will eventually turn into huge ones. We have to do what we can to minimize the impact.

Sources: 

https://www.washingtonpost.com/photography/2019/08/23/how-climate-change-is-affecting-quality-life-italian-alps/?noredirect=on 

https://time.com/italy-alps-climate-change/ 

Glacier Melting as a Result of Climate Change is Worse than We Think

#Climate change has undoubtedly impacted the #glacier #ice caps in #Antarctica. As global temperatures on our planet continue to rise, the ice caps melt and collapse into the sea. This melting ultimately results in rising global sea levels that are threatening coastal cities worldwide. Excessive water rise could make it so that cities resting at sea level may become submerged as a new coastal water surface level is established. 

Shifting Wind Patterns – The Missing Link 

Although increased temperatures have played a part, heat alone has not always explained the phenomenon of accelerated ice cap melting as it relates to climate change. There has been more that researchers have needed to discover in order to come up with a complete explanation. Climate change researchers realized early on that West Antarctica’s glaciers were surrounded by air temperatures that were far too cold to be the only culprit. They turned their attention to the ocean water itself to find the answers. 

How Changing Wind Patterns Effect Ice Cap Melting 

According to a new study published in Nature Geoscience, scientists have discovered that climate change has caused a shift in wind patterns that are contributing to the acceleration of the melting glaciers. Their research shows that this shift in wind patterns due to climate change is bringing warm ocean water in direct contact with Antarctica’s glacier ice, ultimately accelerating its demise. However, this warm ocean water is coming from older water deep within the ocean that has not been affected by #global warming. Shifting wind patterns are having such a great impact, it is the deeper layers of warm ocean water that are changing patterns. 

According to Paul Holland, a scientist at the British Antarctic Survey for ice-ocean research and co-author of the study, the older waters that are reaching the glaciers in Antarctica would not have been heated by global warming. To understand the connection between the warmer waters reaching Antarctic glaciers and wind patterns, Holland and his team looked at data reaching as far back as the 1920s – the decade when wind pattern and glacier ice pattern data was first tracked. 

By looking at nearly 100 years of data, Holland and his team determined that some major changes have taken place in terms of wind patterns and overall climate behavior in the Antarctic. Winds over the Amundsen Sea, a region located on the western side of the continent, would primarily blow westward just a century ago. This direction kept the warm water away from the glaciers. Data from 2019 shows that the winds are now blowing east which has caused deep, warmer ocean layers to move towards the Amundsen Sea and melt the ice. 

Holland likened the phenomenon to a hot water tap that turns on when the wind blows east and turns off when the wind blows west.  

Human-Caused Global Warming to Blame for Melting Ice Caps 

The warm ocean water reaching the glaciers in Antarctica is the result of global warming’s impact on land temperatures. Climate change is shifting how our earth responds to heat. With the surface of Earth warming unevenly, it has a direct effect on how Earth’s winds and oceans respond. Climate change is proving to have not just a direct effect on the observable environment around us, but a domino effect on a variety of interconnected environmental processes. 

Richard Alley, a geoscientist from Pennsylvania State University, was not involved in this particular study but has extensive experience researching Antarctica and global warming patterns. He mentioned that the results of the wind pattern study increase overall confidence in the climate change and scientific communities that the retreat of West Antarctic ice that is now contributing to sea-level rise was ultimately triggered by human-caused global warming. 

Holland explained that if greenhouse gas emissions are not controlled by 2100, we will have wind gusts that will reliably blow towards the east. There is hope that we can stabilize the current wind patterns by 2050, but it is unlikely that a reversal in this trend will be seen anytime soon. According to Holland, to stabilize wind patterns as they are now and put the brakes on the damage done to Antarctica’s ice caps, urgent and diligent effort on the part of mankind will be required. 

Resources: 

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-reason-antarctica-is-melting-shifting-winds-driven-by-global-warming/